地面沉降对城市可持续发展的破坏效应分析

从城市可持续发展的角度，论述了地面沉降这一灾害性地质现象，揭示了地面沉降对城市可持续发展的各种破坏效应，如影响城市人居环境状况，影响建筑物安全，导致疏排水不畅，沿海城市受到海潮侵袭，制约经济发展等，并提出了相应的防治对策，为城市可持续发展的顺利进行提供参考依据．     

天然差分方法在地下水渗流问题中的应用

在地下水渗流问题中,对不规则网格剖分后的结点控制元进行水量均衡分析,得到与伽辽金有限元法结果形式相同,但性质更优且自动满足质量守恒条件的稳定的计算格式.并可以简便的解决非线性的潜水问题.最后对泰斯问题进行了计算比较.     

Modeling Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flows by the Body-Fitted Coordinate (BFC) Method: II. Free and Moving Boundary Problems

This paper presents a methodology and solution procedure of the time-dependent body-fitted coordinate (BFC) method for the analysis of transient, three-dimensional groundwater flow problems characterized by free and moving boundaries. The technique consists of numerical grid generation, time-dependent body-fitted coordinate transformation, and application of the finite difference method (FDM) to the transformed partial differential equations. Based on the time-dependent BFC method, a three-dimensional finite-difference computer code, BFC3DGW, was developed and used to solve two unconfined flow problems. The code was verified by comparing numerical results with analytical solutions for a steady-state seepage problem. In order to demonstrate capability of the method in dealing with flow problems with irregular and moving boundary surfaces, an unconfined well-flow problem was solved by the developed code. Difficulties associated with the free and moving irregular boundary have been successfully overcome by employing this method.     

On cross-risk vulnerability

We introduce the notion of cross-risk vulnerability to generalize the concept of risk vulnerability introduced by Gollier and Pratt [Gollier, C., Pratt, J.W. 1996. Risk vulnerability and the tempering effect of background risk. Econometrica 64, 1109–1124]. While risk vulnerability captures the idea that the presence of an unfair financial background risk should make risk-averse individuals behave in a more risk-averse way with respect to an independent financial risk, cross-risk vulnerability extends this idea to the impact of a non-financial background risk on the financial risk. It provides an answer to the question of the impact of a background risk on the optimal coinsurance rate and on the optimal deductible level. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a bivariate utility function to exhibit cross-risk vulnerability both toward an actuarially neutral background risk and toward an unfair background risk. We also analyze the question of the sub-additivity of risk premia and show to what extent cross-risk vulnerability provides an answer.     

确定地下水污染强度的一种改进的遗传算法

应用反问题方法探讨山东淄博市张店区沣水南部区域地下水中硫酸盐的年入渗强度的数值反演问题.基于最佳摄动思想提出一种改进的遗传算法,数值试验表明了该算法的可行性和有效性.将该算法应用于实际问题的求解,计算结果与实际部门的估算值基本吻合.     

The Relative Dispersion and Mixing of Passive Solutes in Transport in Geologic Media

The spreading of a contaminant in a heterogeneous aquifer depends on the scales of variability effectively explored by the plume. In particular, we observe two major contributions of the fluctuating velocity field in the contaminant movement: (i) the spreading caused by velocity variations of scales lesser than that of the plume size, which we will call relative spreading, and (ii) the meander-like movement of the plume as a whole caused by velocity variations of scale larger than that of the plume size. The aim of this work is to consider the effects of the finite size of the contaminant plume on the local concentration moments <C> and _C . In particular a relative concentration, which depends on the scales of variability effectively explored by the plume, is defined. First, the mathematical formulation of the problem is developed along the Lagrangian framework. In particular, the expressions for the relative mean concentration and its variance are presented. Then, the methodology is applied to the regional transport problem, where the influence of the size of the plume and the pore-scale dispersion are quantitatively assessed.     

地面核磁共振反演导电层状模型

提出不同于常规线性规划的广义线性迭代反演成像技术,并将其应用于任意层状导电介质的地面核磁共振数据分析.在这种方法中,初始振幅强度的平方作为反演成像的对象,它可以表示为含水量分布的二次型形式,并且在反演成像迭代过程中,对应的Jacobian矩阵元素可以用解析形式显式表示出来.反演成像可以从均匀半空间模型开始迭代,理论上,2次迭代就可以完成成像过程.用实际数据对提出的反演成像理论进行了验证.与常规方法相比,新方法的成像结果与实际情况具有更好的一致性,证明了广义线性迭代反演成像不仅具有较好的稳定性和收敛性,还特别适合任意良导层状模型的地面核磁共振数据反演成像.     

Hekla cold springs (Iceland): groundwater mixing with magmatic gases

We have analysed the chemical and stable isotope compositions of four spring waters situated just northwest of the Hekla volcano, where cold water emerges from the base of the lava flows. The stable isotope ratios of water (H, O), dissolved inorganic carbon (C) and sulphate (S) were used to determine whether magmatic gases are mixing with the groundwater. The waters can be characterised as Na-HCO₃ type. The results show that deep-seated gases mix with groundwater, substantially affecting the concentration of solutes and the isotopic composition of dissolved carbon and sulphate.     

Analysis of Total Non-Volatile Non-Sulfide Reduced Sulfur in Potable and Untreated Surface and Groundwaters

Abstract

An analytical method was developed to measure the total concentration of non-volatile non-sulfide reduced sulfur in treated and untreated surface and groundwater. The method was based on the alkaline reduction by Raney nickel (prepared in situ from Raney alloy) of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds (in oxidation states below +6) to sulfide. Sulfide was swept out of the reflux apparatus under nitrogen into a trap of zinc acetate and determined colorimetrically as ethylene blue. The recoveries obtained from solutions of elemental sulfur, sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, cysteine, cystine, methionine, glutathione, allylthiourea, sulfanilamide and thiocyanate ranged from 84–102% with typical recoveries of approximately 90%. Sulfate was not detectable by the procedure. Chlorine present in potable water samples interfered in the procedure and was removed with sodium borohydride. The relative standard deviation of the method varied from 0.25 to 5.6% and averaged 3%. The detection limit based on a 500 mL sample was 3 mg m^?3.     

Application of chlorine-36 technique in determining the age of modern groundwater in the Al-Zulfi province,Saudi Arabia

The present study aims to estimate the residence time of groundwater based on bomb-produced ³⁶Cl. ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios in the water samples are determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios in the groundwater were estimated to be 1.0–2.0?×?10^?12. Estimates of residence time were obtained by comparing the measured bomb-derived ³⁶Cl concentrations in groundwater with the background reference. Dating based on a ³⁶Cl bomb pulse may be more reliable and sensitive for groundwater recharged before 1975, back as far as the mid-1950s. The above ³⁶Cl background concentration was deduced by determining the background-corrected Dye-3 ice core data from the frozen Arctic data, according to the estimated total ³⁶Cl resources. The residence time of 7.81?×?10⁴ y is obtained from extrapolated groundwater flow velocity. ³⁶Cl concentration in groundwater does not reflect the input of bomb pulse ³⁶Cl, and it belongs to the era before 1950.